Prvn\u00ed verze nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, ale druh\u00e1 bude podrobn\u011bji zva\u017eov\u00e1na …<\/p>\n
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Porozum\u011bn\u00ed kameni jako kalend\u00e1\u0159i<\/strong><\/p>\n Disk je v\u011b\u0159il p\u0159edstavovat azt\u00e9ckou kosmologii v stru\u010dn\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 form\u011b. Podle n\u00e1zor\u016f Azt\u00e9k\u016f existovaly p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edrem dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i vesm\u00edry. Ty. sv\u011bt ji\u017e m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 cykly, kter\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed naz\u00fdvali \u201eslunci\u201c. Jedna z p\u00edsemn\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f o azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizaci uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eprvn\u00ed slunce\u201c trvalo 4008 let a civilizace, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b existovala, zahynula p\u0159i povodni, z n\u00ed\u017e nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uniknout.<\/p>\n „Druh\u00e9 slunce“ trvaj\u00edc\u00ed 4010 let skon\u010dilo obludn\u00fdm hurik\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd zni\u010dil dal\u0161\u00ed civilizaci. \u201eT\u0159et\u00ed slunce\u201c trvalo o n\u011bco d\u00e9le – 4081 a skon\u010dilo tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed katastrofou: tentokr\u00e1t lid\u00e9 zem\u0159eli na ohniv\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, kter\u00fd na n\u011b padl z nebe, a na toky sope\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1vy. A kone\u010dn\u011b \u201e\u010dtvrt\u00e9 slunce\u201c, kter\u00e9 trvalo 5056 let, skon\u010dilo smrt\u00ed lidstva od hladu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledoval \u201emo\u0159e krve a ohn\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n Podle n\u00e1zor\u016f Azt\u00e9k\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u201ep\u00e1t\u00e9 slunce\u201c dlouho a \u017eijeme v p\u00e1t\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e ( \u010cty\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed<\/em> ), kdy vl\u00e1dne b\u016fh Tonatiu. Na jeho po\u010dest by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b ob\u011btov\u00e1ny lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo smrti sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed disk: obli\u010dej, \u010dty\u0159i \u00e9ry a hlavn\u00ed strany .<\/p>\n Uprost\u0159ed disku je tv\u00e1\u0159 boha Slunce Tonatiu se dv\u011bma tlapami v n\u00e1ramc\u00edch, s o\u010dima a obo\u010d\u00edm, proto\u017ee nic se p\u0159ed jeho pohledem nem\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdt. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 ruce dr\u017e\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 srdce, jeho jazyk obr\u00e1zek e n pazourkov\u00fd n\u016f\u017e, kter\u00fd symbolizuje, \u017ee je t\u0159eba ob\u011btovat pro kontinuitu pohybu slunce.<\/p>\n \u010cty\u0159i \u00e9ry<\/strong><\/p>\n \u010cty\u0159i \u010dtverce obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017estvo p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i slunce – \u010dty\u0159i \u00e9ry, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u00e1zely sou\u010dasnosti, P\u00e1t\u00e9 slunce.<\/p>\n Kardin\u00e1ln\u00ed body<\/strong><\/p>\n Krom\u011b toho centr\u00e1ln\u00ed disk mezi dobami ukazuje zn\u00e1mky hlavn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran: na severu se zna\u010dkou Odin Flint<\/em> ; na jih se znam\u00e9nkem Jeden d\u00e9\u0161\u0165<\/em> ; na v\u00fdchod s kr\u00e1lovskou korunou a na z\u00e1pad se znamen\u00edm Sedm\u00e9 opice<\/em> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed prsten <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Druh\u00fd krou\u017eek<\/strong><\/p>\n Druh\u00fd prsten se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z \u010dtverc\u016f s p\u011bti te\u010dkami, kter\u00e9, jak se zd\u00e1, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u011bt dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu. Krom\u011b toho osm roh\u016f rozd\u011bluje k\u00e1men na osm \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o paprsky slunce sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke sv\u011btov\u00fdm stran\u00e1m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u0159et\u00ed prsten<\/strong><\/p>\n Na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prstenci je k\u00e1men obklopen dv\u011bma ohniv\u00fdmi hady Shiukoatl, kter\u00e9 jsou obr\u00e1ceny k sob\u011b (dole). Jedna tv\u00e1\u0159 je nap\u016fl \u010dern\u00e1, druh\u00e1 je \u010derven\u00e1, co\u017e symbolizuje dualitu – v\u011b\u010dnou zm\u011bnu dne a noci. Za hlavami had\u016f jsou tlapy tlapky s o\u010dima opakuj\u00edc\u00edm ruce tlapky Tonatiu na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm disku. Jejich t\u011bla jsou rozd\u011blena do sekc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 52let\u00fd cyklus.<\/p>\n V horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti disku, mezi ocasy had\u016f, je \u010dtverec, uvnit\u0159 kter\u00e9ho je vytes\u00e1no datum 13 Acatl (13 Reed). P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto datum odpov\u00edd\u00e1 roku 1479, kdy byly dokon\u010deny pr\u00e1ce na monolitu.<\/p>\n Pod\u00e9l samotn\u00e9ho okraje kamene je vy\u0159ez\u00e1no osm d\u011br ve stejn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od sebe. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee k\u00e1men Slunce slou\u017eil tak\u00e9 jako slune\u010dn\u00ed hodiny: do otvor\u016f mohly b\u00fdt vlo\u017eeny ty\u010dinky, jejich\u017e st\u00edn padl na symboly disku a ozna\u010dil tak denn\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Pro referenci:<\/strong><\/p>\n Mayov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali dva kalend\u00e1\u0159e najednou. V prvn\u00edm ( tzolkinsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i<\/em><\/strong> ) byl rok v\u017edy tvo\u0159en 260 dny (13 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f s 20 dny v ka\u017ed\u00e9m) a naz\u00fdval se \u201etzolkin\u201c a ve druh\u00e9m ( Haab\u016fv kalend\u00e1\u0159<\/em><\/strong> ) \u201elich\u00fdm rokem\u201c – sest\u00e1val z 365 dn\u00ed (18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do 20) ka\u017ed\u00fd den plus 5 dal\u0161\u00edch dn\u016f – bez n\u00e1zvu). P\u0159\u00edtomnost dvou cykl\u016f (\u201etzolkin\u201c a \u201elich\u00fd rok\u201c) vedla k tomu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd den m\u011bl dv\u011b jm\u00e9na, nap\u0159\u00edklad 3 akbal, 4 kumu. Proto\u017ee oba cykly byly r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, nebyla opakov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 dvojit\u00e1 kombinace denn\u00edch jmen b\u011bhem 52 „lich\u00fdch“ let a 73 „tzolkinov\u00fdch“ let (52\u0445365 = 18980 = 73\u0445260). P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto obdob\u00ed se naz\u00fdvalo \u201eazt\u00e9ck\u00fd v\u011bk\u201c nebo \u201e<\/p>\n V\u011b\u0159\u00ed se, \u017ee kalend\u00e1\u0159 Venu\u0161e<\/em><\/strong> byl navr\u017een tak, aby ur\u010dil spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00e1lek a vojensk\u00fdch kampan\u00ed.<\/p>\n M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159 byl<\/em><\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n Mayy pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed chronologie ve velk\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00edch – uveden\u00e9 cykly slunce.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Moje pochybnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost: \u010dinnost kalend\u00e1\u0159e je nejl\u00e9pe demonstrov\u00e1na na ur\u010dit\u00e9m mechanick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuje v z\u00e1b\u011bru n\u011bkolik ozuben\u00fdch kol. Pokud m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po\u010det zub\u016f \u00fam\u011brn\u00fdch simulovan\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 period\u011b. Takov\u00fd mechanismus v\u0161ak v kamenn\u00e9m \u201ekalend\u00e1\u0159i\u201c nedodr\u017eujeme.<\/p>\n A pokud zde p\u0159id\u00e1me apokalyptick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, \u017ee informace kalend\u00e1\u0159e \u201e\u010d\u00edst\u201c z povrchu kamene je z\u00e1kladem pro ur\u010den\u00ed \u201ekonce sv\u011bta\u201c v roce 2012, pak, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, obecn\u011b \u201ezhasnou sv\u011btlo …\u201c<\/p>\n A proto v\u0161echny tyto pochybnosti vedou k jedin\u00e9 my\u0161lence: je zde zobrazen kalend\u00e1\u0159?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u00e1men slunce (\u0161pan\u011blsky: Piedra del Sol) je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch pam\u00e1tek azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 kultury, kter\u00e1 se datuje kolem roku 1479. Po \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m dobyt\u00ed Mexika byl tento monolitick\u00fd \u010dedi\u010dov\u00fd disk poh\u0159ben pod zem\u00ed, kde z\u016fstal skryt\u00fd a\u017e do 17. prosince 1790, kdy\u017e byl nalezen v centru Mexico City.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[28,29,26,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fakta","category-historie","category-mystika","category-technologie"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/vr1-1.jpg","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9pQSB-1m2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/vr1.jpg\")
Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed disk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/vr3.jpg\")
Krou\u017eek soused\u00edc\u00ed s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm diskem p\u0159edstavuje symbolick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1dal ze dvou paraleln\u00edch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016f: posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho a civiln\u00edho. Proti sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek jsou ikony dvaceti dn\u016f posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. T\u011bchto dvacet dn\u00ed v kombinaci s t\u0159in\u00e1cti \u010d\u00edsly vytvo\u0159ilo ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed 260denn\u00ed rok. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1no p\u011bt te\u010dek, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt dn\u00ed v civiln\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1dal z 18 obdob\u00ed po 20 dnech. V\u00fdsledkem je tedy 365denn\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/vr4.jpg\")
N\u00e1zvy dn\u016f<\/strong> (proti sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek):<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/vr5-300x188.gif\")
Reli\u00e9fn\u00ed zna\u010den\u00ed Sun Stone odpov\u00edd\u00e1 deklarovan\u00e9 funkci kalend\u00e1\u0159e pouze v jedn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 hodnot\u011b – v prvn\u00edm kruhu sochy je 20 piktogram\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jm\u00e9n\u016fm dn\u016f ve 20denn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci. Pokud jde o po\u010det m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v samotn\u00e9m roce, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o civiln\u00ed nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky ani n\u00e1znaky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel 13 nebo 18. A tak\u00e9 – neexistuj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky o 5 bezejmenn\u00fdch dnech, cyklu Venu\u0161e nebo dlouh\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou v\u0161echna tato data p\u0159evzata z jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, ale zde vid\u00edme, ze strany pseudov\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, jen nevhodn\u00fd pokus o zaveden\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edch dat do exotiky kamene. Ve snaze p\u0159ipsat – funkce, kter\u00e1 pro n\u011bj nikdy neexistovala.<\/p>\n