V plynouc\u00edm roce dvoutis\u00edc\u00edmdes\u00e1t\u00e9m se chyst\u00e1me oslavit dev\u00edtist\u00e9des\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed obce Turska.<\/p>\n
Jak m\u00e1me vlastn\u011b t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b rozum\u011bt? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak, jak je my\u0161lena historiky, tedy, \u017ee p\u0159ed dev\u00edtistydeseti lety byla u\u010din\u011bna prvn\u00ed n\u00e1m zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o na\u0161\u00ed obci. Ale co bylo p\u0159ed t\u00edm?<\/p>\n
Velk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech, Moravy a Bavorska je naz\u00fdv\u00e1no v letopisech antick\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma Bohemi\u00ed. Z tohoto n\u00e1zvu neomyln\u011b c\u00edt\u00edme podobnost se slovem B\u00f3jov\u00e9. B\u00f3jov\u00e9 byli velk\u00fdm keltsk\u00fdm kmenem, jeho\u017e kultura patrn\u011b vyrostla z m\u00edstn\u00edch prav\u011bk\u00fdch tradic.<\/p>\n
Samotn\u00e9 Tursko le\u017e\u00ed na rozmez\u00ed dvou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch lokalit, kultury knov\u00edzsk\u00e9 a kultury \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9. M\u016f\u017eeme se pr\u00e1vem domn\u00edvat, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk vzhledem a my\u0161len\u00edm ji\u017e souzn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011b s n\u00e1mi se zde mohl objevit n\u011bkdy p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159iceti tis\u00edci lety (homo sapiens kroma\u0148onsk\u00e9ho typu).<\/p>\n
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Keltov\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ili s\u00ed\u0165 souvisl\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed kolem \u0159ek a na \u00farodn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch. \u017dili jako zem\u011bd\u011blci, ale i neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b state\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edci, vyvinuli dokonal\u00e1 \u0159emesla, nap\u0159. hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bronzu. Obklopovala je mystick\u00e1 religiozita udr\u017eovan\u00e1 druidy a sdru\u017eovala je poetika a epika pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 do form\u00e1ln\u00ed dokonalosti keltsk\u00fdmi bardy. \u017dili v domech, podobn\u00fdch stavebn\u00ed technologi\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edmu hr\u00e1zd\u011bn\u00e9mu zdivu, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me nyn\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z N\u011bmecka, Alsaska-Lotrinska ale tak\u00e9 z n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch pohrani\u010dn\u00edch lokalit, nap\u0159. statky chebsk\u00e9ho typu. Ale tento stavebn\u00ed styl, rozv\u00edjen\u00fd od keltsk\u00fdch dob, charakterizoval je\u0161t\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku z\u00e1padoevropskou, tedy i \u010deskou architekturu. (st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa – politologick\u00fd term\u00edn, kter\u00fd vznikl um\u011ble v dusn\u00e9m klimatu po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m) Po Keltech m\u00e1me tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy \u0159ek, mnoh\u00fdch hor, obc\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n
V dob\u011b st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f (mluv\u00edme p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o p\u00e1t\u00e9m stol. na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu) se v\u0161ak infiltruj\u00edc\u00ed skupiny Slovan\u016f setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve st\u0159edu Evropy se sl\u00e1bnouc\u00edmi germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi kmeny Kv\u00e1d\u016f a Markoman\u016f (nezam\u011b\u0148ujme s N\u011bmci). Po nich byly vykop\u00e1ny nap\u0159. zbytky mal\u00fdch \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pec\u00ed na dohled od Turska, v katastru \u00daholi\u010dek.<\/p>\n
Nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nev\u00edme, pro\u010d na konci starov\u011bku souvisl\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00ed Kelt\u016f proch\u00e1z\u00ed kriz\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00e1lek a na konec se tento n\u00e1rod d\u011bl\u00ed do n\u011bkolika v\u011btv\u00ed a pod veden\u00edm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f R\u00edx\u016f (nezam\u011b\u0148ovat s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1l \u2013 rex) v n\u011bkolika proudech opou\u0161t\u00ed toto \u00fazem\u00ed, tak, aby jeden z nich dobyl a vyplenil \u0159eck\u00e9 Syrakusy, dal\u0161\u00ed postupoval sm\u011brem do Bretan\u011b a t\u0159et\u00ed proud os\u00eddlil Britsk\u00e9 ostrovy, proto pozd\u011bji mohou prvn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed ir\u0161t\u00ed mnichov\u00e9 p\u00edsmem zaznamenat keltskou historii vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se i k velk\u00e9 bitv\u011b na Tursk\u00e9m poli, kter\u00e1 neprob\u011bhla mezi \u010cechy a Lu\u010dany, ale mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, mezi dv\u011bma mohutn\u00fdmi Keltsk\u00fdmi rody. I hmotn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech potvrzuj\u00ed \u0159e\u010d letopis\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o pole b\u00edl\u00e9ho b\u00fdka mezi pahorky Krli\u0161 a Ers. Vrchol Ersu dodnes poskytuje d\u016fstojn\u00e9 m\u00edsto zbytk\u016fm svatyn\u011b keltsk\u00e9ho veleboha \u010cernunoce. Na d\u00e1vn\u00fdch map\u00e1ch nese dne\u0161n\u00ed Tursko analogick\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u010cernuc.<\/p>\n
Pokusme se trochu fabulovat na t\u00e9ma, d\u016fvody vzniku sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu obce. M\u00e1me tu tedy pole b\u00edl\u00e9ho b\u00fdka a u Statenic v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1lez neolitick\u00e9 so\u0161ky, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed tura. Ran\u00e1 katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do p\u016fvodn\u011b pohansk\u00fdch m\u00edst, zalo\u017een\u00fdch u n\u00e1s v\u011bt\u0161inou pr\u00e1v\u011b Kelty, je\u017e jsou nyn\u00ed os\u00eddlena ji\u017e \u010cechy a to bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo na p\u016fvodn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch, anebo na m\u00edstech, je\u017e je zrcadlov\u011b opakuj\u00ed (jako nap\u0159. jeden a druh\u00fd b\u0159eh \u0159eky).<\/p>\n
Katoli\u010dt\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed vstupuj\u00ed do h\u00e1jemstv\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u011b vybran\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch bod\u016f, je\u017e p\u0159edstavovaly d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b prad\u00e1vn\u00fdch mystick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed c\u00edrkev na rozd\u00edl od v\u00fdchodn\u00ed (ortodoxn\u00ed byzantsk\u00e9 pravoslavn\u00e9) nebyla v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm ni\u010ditelem model a prav\u011bk\u00e9architektury, ale dok\u00e1zala ji \u010dasto funk\u010dn\u011b v\u010dlenit do \u0159\u00e1du sv\u00e9ho ritu\u00e1lu a my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edci (jedin\u00fd mu\u017esk\u00fd katolick\u00fd a ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd \u017eenou, sv. Ane\u017ekou) proto po roce 1200, obdr\u017eiv\u0161e na p\u0159\u00edmluvu sv. Ane\u017eky \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 katastr jako kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 l\u00e9no, vyu\u017eili n\u00e1zvuku slova tur a tradice m\u00edstn\u00ed tauromachie (kult b\u00fdka) kter\u00e1 konkurovala nov\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159ece jenom m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed keltsk\u00fd b\u016fh \u010cernunoc. Zasv\u011btili sv\u016fj m\u00edstn\u00ed, p\u016fvodn\u011b gotick\u00fd kostel sv. Martinu, biskupu z jihofrancouzsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta La Tour, a tak polo\u017eili na vrchol d\u00e1vn\u00e9 historie legalizuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anskou korunu.<\/p>\n
\u0158\u00e1dem K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f je tedy od t\u00e9to doby Tursko duchovn\u011b kultivov\u00e1no a hospod\u00e1\u0159sky s velk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem rozv\u00edjeno. Uv\u011bdomme si, \u017ee star\u00e9 mni\u0161sk\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy p\u0159i sv\u00e9 kontempla\u010dn\u00ed a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti z\u00e1rove\u0148 absorbovaly tak\u00e9 v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b inteligen\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l z mohutn\u00e9 mno\u017einy nearistokratick\u00e9ho obyvatelstva, kter\u00e9 pak mohlo, nad\u00e1no ochranou \u0159\u00e1du, \u010derpat z poklad\u016f evropsk\u00e9 vzd\u011blanosti, je\u017e byla v dob\u00e1ch ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b nesena a pe\u010dliv\u011b \u0161lecht\u011bna v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b c\u00edrkv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Po K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e1me na Tursku nejen n\u00e1zev ulice, kostel sv. Martina, ale i starobyl\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr, kter\u00fd svou plochou pat\u0159il k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edm Rakousku-Uhersku. Na dne\u0161n\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatku shl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jedno z pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed star\u00e9ho dvorce (renesan\u010dn\u00ed poustka a velk\u00e1 barokn\u00ed budova z projektu geni\u00e1ln\u00edho architekta Kili\u00e1na Ign\u00e1ce Diesenhofera), druh\u00e9 pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed s nezbytnou branou \u00fast\u00ed na dnes klidnou n\u00e1ves a vedlej\u0161\u00ed komunikaci, kter\u00e1 by n\u00e1s dovedla do \u00daholi\u010dek a d\u00e1l do Prahy.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 cesta je v\u0161ak jednou z prvn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch silnic, zanesen\u00fdch na d\u00e1vn\u00fdch map\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, jako spojnice vinouc\u00ed se d\u00e1le p\u0159es Velvary, aby dos\u00e1hla sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle ve starobyl\u00fdch Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech. P\u0159edstavme si, jak z hlavn\u00ed budovy pra\u017esk\u00e9 po\u0161ty, tkv\u00edc\u00ed tehdy v okrsku Mal\u00e9 Strany (Men\u0161\u00ed M\u011bsto pra\u017esk\u00e9) vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed solidn\u00ed dostavn\u00edk, vyu\u017eiv po \u010dase p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed i pohostinstv\u00ed tursk\u00e9ho po\u0161tovn\u00edho dvora a s \u010derstv\u00fdm sp\u0159e\u017een\u00edm dos\u00e1hne m\u011bsta Velvar, m\u00edsta prvn\u00edho noclehu. Zmi\u0148uji se tak podrobn\u011b o po\u0161t\u011b a po\u0161tovn\u00edch dostavn\u00edc\u00edch, nebo\u0165 ty p\u0159edstavovaly komunika\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159 (po\u0161tu, \u017eeleznici i silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu) tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. M\u00edsta, poct\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed po\u0161tovn\u00edch dvor\u016f, tak po\u017e\u00edvala zna\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, vlivu a proslulosti v t\u011bch \u010dasech.<\/p>\n
Z v\u00fdklenku h\u0159bitovn\u00ed zdi up\u00edr\u00e1 sv\u016fj barokn\u00ed zrak socha Ecce Homo st\u00e1le stejn\u011b klidn\u011b a vyrovnan\u011b na kolem plynouc\u00ed d\u011bje. V\u00edme n\u011bco o tom, \u010deho byla statue sv\u011bdkem. Budoucnost v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme jen odhadovat. M\u00e1me pr\u00e1vo ale snad i povinnost se na ni pod\u00edlet. D\u0159\u00edve pr\u00e1v\u011b i z d\u016fvod\u016f pomalej\u0161\u00edho cestov\u00e1n\u00ed musely m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity vytv\u00e1\u0159et daleko kompletn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a samostatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mikrosv\u011bty. Dnes se pohybujeme neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b rychle fyzicky, je\u0161t\u011b rychleji zvukov\u011b i obrazov\u011b a tak n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee lehce uniknout d\u016fle\u017eitost existence spole\u010denstv\u00ed obce.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00e1l n\u00e1m osud, ale i n\u00e1zory m\u00edstn\u00edch zastupitelstev v jak\u00e9msi zpomalov\u00e1n\u00ed jinde m\u00e1lo koordinovan\u00e9ho stavebn\u00edho rozvoje. Byli jsme uchr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u0159ed obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00edm neosobn\u00edmi satelity, postaven\u00fdmi podle neosobn\u00edch projekt\u016f a obydlen\u00fdmi \u010dasto nezakotven\u00fdmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed nemohou b\u00fdt, nezasa\u017eeni m\u00edstn\u00edm geniem loci, organicky vst\u0159eb\u00e1ni p\u016fvodn\u00edm j\u00e1drem.<\/p>\n
Tursko se roz\u0161i\u0159uje relativn\u011b pomalu, udr\u017eelo si \u0161kolu, \u0161kolku, po\u0161tu, \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd obecn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad, kostel i autobusov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Je tu i obchod a n\u011bkolik v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u010di men\u0161\u00edch firem i \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f. Bylo by asi dobr\u00e9, kdyby se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo zachovat p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnutelnou velikost intravil\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1 obs\u00e1hnout p\u011b\u0161\u00ed ch\u016fz\u00ed, kde se mohou je\u0161t\u011b potk\u00e1vat lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se zcela p\u0159irozen\u011b zdrav\u00ed u\u017e jen proto, \u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou z jedn\u00e9 obce.<\/p>\n
Pro lidsk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 krajina, kter\u00e1 ho obklopuje. D\u0159\u00edve b\u00fdvalo jen m\u00e1lo vesnic a m\u011bst bez obecn\u00edch rybn\u00edk\u016f. Tursku z\u016fstal rybn\u00edk zachov\u00e1n a je uk\u00e1zkou p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de lid\u00ed o jejich\u017e pevn\u00fdch ko\u0159enech v m\u00edstn\u00edm regionu m\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt naprosto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni. Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u010dasem p\u0159ibudou k zat\u00edm existuj\u00edc\u00edm poln\u00edm cest\u00e1m a lipov\u00e9 aleji vedouc\u00ed na Krli\u0161 dal\u0161\u00ed, abychom tak postupn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovali cel\u00fd r\u00e1z okol\u00ed Turska k jeho p\u016fvodn\u00edmu charakteru, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed logice, potla\u010den\u00edm um\u011ble stepn\u00edho charakteru polnost\u00ed a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm prostupnosti krajiny pro chodce, cyklisty a jezdce na kon\u00edch. Krajina mus\u00ed b\u00fdt protk\u00e1na \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00fdmi c\u00e9vami cest a cesti\u010dek, p\u011b\u0161inek a stezek, aby se \u017eivot obce mohl do n\u00ed voln\u011b rozl\u00e9vat a zbavili jsme se sch\u00e9matu os\u00eddlen\u00fdch m\u00edst utopen\u00fdch v mo\u0159i indiferentn\u00edch scelen\u00fdch l\u00e1n\u016f, propojeni s okol\u00edm jen asfaltem nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch rychlostn\u00edch silnic. Nebo\u0165 vl\u00eddnost a otev\u0159enost krajiny se zrcadlov\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve vl\u00eddnosti a otev\u0159enosti jejich obyvatel.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V plynouc\u00edm roce dvoutis\u00edc\u00edmdes\u00e1t\u00e9m se chyst\u00e1me oslavit dev\u00edtist\u00e9des\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed obce Turska. Jak m\u00e1me vlastn\u011b t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b rozum\u011bt? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak, jak je my\u0161lena historiky, tedy, \u017ee p\u0159ed dev\u00edtistydeseti lety byla u\u010din\u011bna prvn\u00ed n\u00e1m zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o na\u0161\u00ed obci. Ale co bylo p\u0159ed t\u00edm? Velk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech, Moravy a Bavorska je naz\u00fdv\u00e1no v letopisech antick\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma Bohemi\u00ed. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[28,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fakta","category-historie"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/kostel_tursko_01.jpg","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9pQSB-7H","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamenovo.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}